Ginastera Alberto Ginastera

Alberto Evaristo Ginastera (Spanish pronunciation: [alˈβerto eβaˈɾisto xinasˈteɾa]; April 11, 1916 – June 25, 1983) was an Argentine composer of classical music. He is considered one of the most important 20th-century classical composers of the Americas.

Biography

Ginastera was born in Buenos Aires to a Spanish father and an Italian mother. During the last few years of his life, he preferred to pronounce his surname in its Catalan pronunciation, with a soft 'G' as in 'George' (IPA: [(d)ʒinasˈteɾa]) rather than a Spanish 'J' sound (IPA: [xinasˈteɾa]).

Ginastera studied at the Williams Conservatory in Buenos Aires, graduating in 1938. As a young professor, he taught at the Liceo Militar General San Martín. After a visit to the United States in 1945–47, where he studied with Aaron Copland at Tanglewood, he returned to Buenos Aires and co-founded the League of Composers. He held a number of teaching posts. Among his notable students were Ástor Piazzolla (who studied with him in 1941), Alcides Lanza, Waldo de los Ríos, Jacqueline Nova and Rafael Aponte-Ledée. See: List of music students by teacher: G to J#Alberto Ginastera.

Ginastera moved back to the United States in 1968 and then in 1970 to Europe. He died in Geneva, Switzerland, at the age of 67 and was buried in the Cimetière des Rois there.

Music

Ginastera grouped his music into three periods: "Objective Nationalism" (1934–1948), "Subjective Nationalism" (1948–1958), and "Neo-Expressionism" (1958–1983). Among other distinguishing features, these periods vary in their use of traditional Argentine musical elements. His Objective Nationalistic works often integrate Argentine folk themes in a straightforward fashion, while works in the later periods incorporate traditional elements in increasingly abstracted forms.

Many of Ginastera's works were inspired by the Gauchesco tradition. This tradition holds that the Gaucho, or landless native horseman of the plains, is a symbol of Argentina.

His Cantata para América Mágica (1960), for dramatic soprano and 53 percussion instruments, was based on ancient pre-Columbian legends. Its West Coast premiere was performed by the Los Angeles Percussion Ensemble under Henri Temianka and William Kraft at UCLA in 1963.

A portion of Ginastera's Piano Sonata No. 1 is performed in the film The Competition, and the piece is included in the movie soundtrack.

Works

Opera

• Don Rodrigo, Op. 31 (1963–64)
• Bomarzo, Op. 34 (1966–67), banned in Argentina until 1972
• Beatrix Cenci, Op. 38 (1971), based on the play The Cenci (1819) by Percy Bysshe Shelley

Ballet

• Panambí, Op. 1 (1934–37)
• Estancia, Op. 8 (1941)

Orchestral

• Obertura para el "Fausto" criollo, Op. 9 (1943)
• Ollantay: 3 Symphonic Movements, Op. 17 (1947)
• Variaciones concertantes, Op. 23 (1953)
• Pampeana No. 3, Op. 24 (1954)
• Concerto per corde, Op. 33 (1965)
• Estudios Sinfonicos, Op. 35 (1967)
• Popol Vuh, Op. 44 (1975–1983, left incomplete at the composer's death)
• Glosses sobre temes de Pau Casals for string orchestra, Op. 46 (1976)
• Glosses sobre temes de Pau Casals for full orchestra, Op. 48 (1976–77)
• Iubilum, Op. 51 (1979–80)

Concertante

• Harp
  • Harp Concerto, Op. 25 (1956–65)
• Piano
  • Piano Concerto No. 1, Op. 28 (1961)
  • Piano Concerto No. 2, Op. 39 (1972)
• Violin
  • Violin Concerto, Op. 30 (1963)
• Cello
  • Cello Concerto No. 1, Op. 36 (1968)
  • Cello Concerto No. 2, Op. 50 (1980–81)

Piano

• Danzas argentinas, Op. 2 (1937)
• Tres piezas, Op. 6 (1940)
• Malambo, Op. 7 ( 1940)
• "Pequena Danza" (from the ballet Estancia, Op. 8) (1941)
• 12 Preludios americanos, Op. 12 (1944)
• Suite de danzas criollas, Op. 15 (1946, rev. 1956)
• Rondó sobre temas infantiles argentinos, Op. 19 (1947)
• Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 22 (1952)
• Arrangement of an Organ Toccata by Domenico Zipoli (1970)
• Piano Sonata No. 2, Op. 53 (1981)
• Piano Sonata No. 3, Op. 54 (1982)
• Danzas argentinas para los ninos (Unfinished)
  1. Moderato: para Alex
  2. Paisaje: para Georgina

Organ

• Toccata, Villancico y Fuga, Op. 18 (1947)
• Variazioni e Toccata sopra Aurora lucis rutilat, Op. 52 (1980)

  Variación 1: Maestoso

  Variación 2: Tempo giusto

  Variación 3: Impetuoso, l'istesso tempo

  Variación 4: Vivacissimo

  Variación 5: L'istesso tempo

  Variación 6: L'istesso tempo

  Variación 7: Sereno

  Variación 8: Estatico

  Variación 9: Quasi allegretto

  Variación 10: Pastorale

  Variación 11: Andantino poetico

  Variación 12: Lento

  Toccata – Finale: Tema

Vocal/choral

• 2 Songs, for voice and piano, Op. 3 (1938)
• Cantos del Tucumán, for voice, flute, harp, percussion, and violin, Op. 4 (1938)
• Psalm 150, for chorus, Op. 5 (1938)
• 5 canciones populares argentinas, for voice and piano, Op. 10 (1943)
• Las horas de una estancia, for voice and piano, Op. 11 (1943)
• Hieremiae prophetae lamentationes, for chorus, Op. 14 (1946)
• Cantata para América mágica, for dramatic soprano and percussion orchestra, Op. 27 (1960)
• Cantata Bomarzo, for soloists, narrator, and chamber orchestra, Op. 32 (1964)
• Milena, for soprano and orchestra, Op. 37 (1971)
• Serenata, for baritone, violoncello, wind quintet, percussion, harp, and double bass, Op. 42 (1973)
• Turbae ad passionem gregorianam, for soloists, chorus, boy's chorus and orchestra, Op. 43 (1975)
• Canción del beso robado, for voice and piano (19??)

Chamber/solo instrumental

• Duo, for flute and oboe, Op. 13 (1945)
• Pampeana No. 1, for violin and piano, Op. 16 (1947)
• String Quartet No. 1, Op. 20 (1948)
• Pampeana No. 2, for violoncello and piano, Op. 21 (1950)
• String Quartet No. 2, Op. 26 (1958, Rev. 1968)
• Piano Quintet, Op. 29 (1963)
• String Quartet No. 3, for soprano and string quartet, Op. 40 (1973)
• Puneña No. 1, for flute, Op. 41 (1973, left incomplete at the time of the composer's death)
• Puneña No. 2 ("Hommage à Paul Sacher"), for violoncello, Op. 45 (1976)
• Sonata for guitar, Op. 47 (1976, Rev. 1981)
• Sonata for cello and piano, Op. 49 (1979)

Works withdrawn by the composer (without opus number)

• Piezas Infantiles, for piano (1934)
• Impresiones de la Puna, for flute and string quartet (1934)
• Concierto argentino, for piano and orchestra (1936)
• El arriero canta, for chorus (1937)
• Sonatina, for harp (1938)
• Symphony No. 1 ("Porteña") (1942)
• Symphony No. 2 ("Elegíaca") (1944)

Incidental/film music

• Don Basilio malcasado (1940)
• Doña Clorinda la descontenta (1941)
• Malambo (1942)
• Rosa de América (1945)
• Las antiguas semillas (1947)
• Nace la libertad (1949)
• El puente (1950)
• Facundo, el tigre de los llanos (1952)
• Caballito criollo (1953)
• Su seguro servidor (1954)
• Los maridos de mamá (1956)
• Enigma de mujer (1956)
• Primavera de la vida (1958)
• Hay que bañar al nene (1958)
• El límite (1958)
• A María del corazón (1960)
• La doncella prodigiosa (1961)