Schnebel Dieter Schnebel

Dieter Schnebel (14 March 1930 – 20 May 2018) was a German composer, theologian and musicologist. He composed orchestral music, chamber music, vocal music and stage works. From 1976 until his retirement in 1995, Schnebel served as professor of experimental music at the Berlin Hochschule der Künste.

Career

Schnebel was born in Lahr/Baden. He began general private music studies with Wilhelm Siebler from 1942 until 1945, when he started piano lessons with Wilhelm Resch, and continued study with him until 1949 at the age of 19. He continued with music history through 1952, under Eric Doflein. Simultaneously he began to study composition, from 1950, with Ernst Krenek, Theodor W. Adorno and Pierre Boulez, among others. He entered formal studies at the University of Tübingen, where he took musicology with Walter Gerstenberg, as well as theology, philosophy and further piano studies. In 1955, he left with a degree in theology, but with a dissertation about Arnold Schoenberg. Soon after, he married Camilla Riegger in 1956, and the couple had a son and daughter. Schnebel became a minister, and taught theology and religion until 1963, when he began teaching philosophy and psychology. After his first wife died he underwent a period of psychoanalysis. In 1970 he married Iris von Kaschnitz, and began teaching religious studies and music in Munich, which he continued until 1976. In 1976, he began teaching in Berlin as a professor of experimental music and music research, a chair created for him. He held it until his retirement in 1995.

Invited by Walter Fink, he was the sixth composer featured in the annual Komponistenporträt of the Rheingau Musik Festival in 1996, where his Schau-Stücke for voices and gestures premiered.

Schnebel died of a heart ailment in Berlin on 20 May 2018 at the age of 88.

Cycles and style

Schnebel composed several cycles of works, sometimes over a long time. One of them was called Versuche (Essays), consisting of four works written 1953 to 1956. They concern serial techniques, exploring space by placing performers at separate positions. His religious music includes a cycle Für Stimmen (...missa est) (For voices ...), consisting of four works written 1956 to 1969). They use the human voice and organ in experimental settings of prayers and biblical texts. A cycle Produktionsprozesse is a group of compositions related to "language and body" which concerns the physical sound production, with the performers utilizing speech and breathing organs in unusual ways.

His earliest works were strongly influenced by his fellow Darmstadt students Karlheinz Stockhausen, about whose early works he wrote an extended essay, and Mauricio Kagel, about whom he edited a book. Starting in 1959, he also came under the influence of John Cage.

Schnebel made arrangements of works by Bach, Beethoven, Webern and Wagner, called Re-Visions, sometimes using their traditional concepts to reflect new techniques and different ways of looking at them.

Awards

Schnebel's awards include the Arts Prize of Lahr in 1991. He received the first European Church Music Prize in Schwäbisch Gmünd the same year. He was a member of the Berlin Akademie der Künste from 1991, and of the Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste since 1996.

Works

Schnebel's works are held by the German National Library (Anon. & n.d.(a)). Many of them are published by Schott Music (Schott 2018).

Music with orchestra

• Compositio (1955–56, rev. 1964/1965)
• Orchestra / Symphonische Musik für mobile Musiker (1974–1977)
• Canones (1975–1977; 1993/1994)
• Schubert-Phantasie (Re-Visionen I₅, for divided orchestra and voices (1978, rev. 1989 as Blendwerk, for string orchestra)
• Thanatos-Eros (Traditione III₁), symphonic variations for large orchestra (1979–82, rev.1984–85)
• Sinfonie-Stücke (Traditione III₂) (1984–85)
• Missa, Dahlem Mass for four solo voices, two mixed choirs, orchestra and organ (1984–1987) 
• Mahler-Moment, for strings (1985)
• Sinfonie X (Tradition VI) (1987–1992; 2004/2005)
• Mozart-Moment (1988/1989)
• Schumann-Moment (Re-Visionen II₂, for voices, winds, harp, and percussion (1989) (Attinello 2001)
• Verdi-Moment (Re-Visionen II₅, for orchestra (1989) 
• St. Jago (Tradition IV₂, 3 speakers, 4 singers, and ensemble: music and images to Heinrich von Kleist (1989–1991) (Attinello 2001) (rev. 1995)^{[citation needed]}
• Janáček-Moment (Re-Visionen II₁), for orchestra (1991)
• Totentanz, ballet-oratorio for two speakers, soprano, bass, choir, orchestra and live electronic (1992–1994)
• inter, for chamber orchestra (1994)
• O Liebe! – süßer Tod..., five sacred songs after Johann Sebastian Bach for mezzo-soprano, chamber choir, and small orchestra (1995)
• Ekstasis for soprano, speaker, two children's voices, percussion, choir and large orchestra (1996/1997; 2001/2002)

Chamber music

• Analysis, for strings and percussion (1953) (Attinello 2001)
• Stücke, for string quartet or string octet (1954–55) (Attinello 2001)
• Fragment, for chamber ensemble and voice obligato (1955) (Attinello 2001)
• Das Urteil after Franz Kafka, Raummusik für Instrumente, Stimmen und sonstige Schallquellen (Space music for instruments, voices and other sound sources) (1959, rev. 1990)
• Glossolalie (1959–61), instructions for composition (Attinello 2001)
  • Glossolalie 61 (1959–1961) (Anon. 2018a; Attinello 2001)
  • Glossolalie 94 (1994) (Attinello 2001)
• Maulwerke (1968–74) (Attinello 2001); staged in 1977 by Achim Freyer at the Musiktheaterwerkstatt Wiesbaden Version 2010^{[citation needed]}
• Körpersprache / Organkomposition (Body Language / Organ Composition), for 3–9 players (1979/1980)
• Memento, for voice and accordion (1981)
• Montiano-Song, for one or more voices and instruments (1983)
• Beethoven-Symphonie (Re-Visionen I₂), for chamber ensemble (1985)
• Metamorphosenmusik, for voice and chamber ensemble (1986/1987)^{[citation needed]}
• Metamorphosen des Ovid or Die Bewegung von den Rändern zur Mitte hin und umgekehrt, incidental music for 11 voices and 11 strings (1986–87) (Attinello 2001)
• Mit diesen Händen, for voice and cello with curved bow (1992) (Schnebel n.d.)
• Baumzucht (J. P. Hebel), musical reading after Johann Peter Hebel for speaker and chamber ensemble (1992/1995)
• Schau-Stücke (Body Études) (1995) (Schnebel 1997)
  • Keine grossen Sprünge, for two performers (Attinello 2001)
  • Kopfschütteln, for five performers (Attinello 2001)
  • Schlängeln, for two performers (Attinello 2001)
• Magnificat (1996/97) (Akademie 2015)
• String Quartet No. 2 (2000–2007)
• Flipper, chamber music for Spielautomaten, actors, instruments and tape (2002/2003)
• String Quartet No. 3 "Im Raum" (2005–2006)
• Drei Kafka-Dramolette, Der plötzliche Spaziergang, Entschlüsse and Gib's auf! (2009) (Anon. 2010)

Vocal

• für stimmen (... missa est): dt 31,6, for 12 vocal ensembles (1956–58; arranged for large chorus, 1965) (Attinello 2001)
• AMN, for seven vocal ensembles (1958–67) (Attinello 2001)
• :! (madrasha 2), for three choruses, with tape ad lib. (1958–68) (Attinello 2001)
• Maulwerke, for amplified voices and electronics (1968–74) (Attinello 2001)
• Körper-Sprache, for 3–9 performers (1979–80) (Attinello 2001)
• Bach-Contrapuncti (I, VI, XI) (Re-Visionen I₁, for voices (1972–76); revised as O Liebe! – süsser Tod (1984–95) (Attinello 2001)
• Motetus I, for two choruses (1989–93) (Attinello 2001)
• "Mein Herz ruht müde", for alto voice and piano (1994) (Attinello 2001)
• Motetus II, for two choruses (1997–98) (Attinello 2001)
• Behütet ... : Psalm 121, for chorus (SSMezAATTBarBB), with organ or synthesizer ad lib. (2012) (Anon. & n.d.(a))