提要 Overview
2009-05-21 12:39 新芭音乐网
新芭音乐网讯 据路透纽约5月19日电 英国广播公司(BBC)报导称,英国知名作曲家尼可拉斯·莫(Nicholas Maw)在美国辞世,享年73岁。其作品包括广为人知的管弦乐作品《奥德赛》和歌剧《苏菲的选择》。
尼可拉斯·莫是英国战後最伟大的管弦乐作曲家之一,是新浪漫主义复兴的标志性人物。他在1993年为美国小提琴家约书亚・贝尔(Joshua Bell)作的小提琴协奏曲也闻名遐迩。
尼可拉斯·莫的发言人告诉BBC,他患病已经有一段日子了,周二死于心脏衰竭。
尼可拉斯·莫出生于英格兰,15岁就开始作曲,1955-58年在伦敦的皇家音乐学院学习作曲。
他自1984年以来在华盛顿哥伦比亚特区生活。(完)
尼可拉斯·莫在美辞世
作者:周焰 来源:新民晚报
◆周焰
英国当代作曲家约翰·尼可拉斯·莫(John Nicholas Maw)对于中国人来说也许还不是个耳熟能详的名字,但他在欧美国家却具有举足轻重的地位。当他以73岁高龄于5月19日在华盛顿的家中因心力衰竭去世后,英国《电讯报》、《卫报》、美国纽约路透社等重要媒体纷纷撰文哀悼这位20世纪新浪漫主义作曲家。
尼可拉斯·莫出生于1935年英格兰林肯郡的格兰瑟姆,他父亲是一位钢琴家,并拥有一家乐器店。14岁那年,因母亲去世,他被送往寄宿学校,在音乐女教师的引导下开始接触20世纪音乐作品。尽管父亲希望子承父业,但他却进入伦敦皇家音乐学院后主修单簧管,并兼修作曲。1958年赴巴黎继续深造。
他的创作领域遍及室内乐、合唱音乐、歌剧、器乐独奏作品、管弦乐、儿童音乐等体裁。他曾根据8首中国抒情诗谱写了为次女高音而作的声乐作品。但他的第一部成名作却是1962年问世的《场景与咏叹调》,这部作品的创作风格明显受巴托克和布里顿的影响。2年后,他在伦敦推出歌剧《独角戏》。1966年,他因歌剧《月亮升起》而成为第一位入主剑桥大学“三一学院”的驻院艺术家。
20世纪80年代中期后,尼可拉斯·莫将工作重心转移美国,除了创作之外,他还在霍普金斯大学、耶鲁大学、波斯顿大学、英国皇家音乐学院、剑桥大学等英美名校担任教学工作。他在美国创作了大量管弦乐作品。他的单乐章交响作品《奥德赛》长达96分钟,是音乐史上演奏时间最长的不间断作品。这部让他花费14年心血打造的乐曲深受西蒙·拉特尔喜爱。后者甚至威胁EMI公司,如果不让他录制《奥德赛》,他将不再续约。EMI最终妥协。结果《奥德赛》成了尼可拉斯·莫的名碟,并获格莱美奖提名。2002年,他受BBC三台和英国皇家歌剧院委约创作了根据小说改编的歌剧《苏菲的抉择》,获得了极大反响。
尽管他的作品受到现代主义和无调性的影响,然而他毕生都试图恢复与浪漫主义音乐传统的联系。但因偏离主流风格,追求清晰的和声结构、抒情风格和作品中的旋律性,他曾受到先锋派音乐评论家的攻击。然而事实证明,由于广大音乐会听众的喜爱,他的毕生努力没有白费。
Nicholas Maw, composer, has died
Nicholas Maw, the British composer, has died in America, aged 73.
Born in Grantham, Lincolnshire, Maw teachers included Lennox Berkeley at the Royal Academy, and Nadia Boulanger in Paris, before studying with Max Deutsch, a pupil of Schoenberg. In 1951 he was awarded the Lili Boulanger Prize, and first achieved prominence with Scenes and Arias in 1962 which was premiered at the Proms. A number of other awards followed in subsequent decades, along with a day devoted to his music at the South Bank Centre.
Maw music was melodic, lyrical and Romantic in influence the composer himself once described his roots as belonging to the period 1860-1914 and yet was still undeniably modern. His style was neatly encapsulated in Gramophone's review of his Violin Concerto (01/00): "For over a quarter-of-a-century, Maw has been investigating those lines of musical development that were left dangling when modernism cut them. He not so much writing 'neo-Brahms' or 'neo-Strauss' as exploring the enticing paths that they opened up but which post-Schoenbergians have not pursued uperbly inclusive music, in which the present and the past are comfortable with each other."
He certainly had high-profile champions among musicians. One of his most successful works was Odyssey, which Simon Rattle toured and insisted on being able to record. Rattle later conducted Maw's 2002 opera Sophie's Choice, a joint commission from the BBC and Royal Opera House. Another advocate of Maw's music was Joshua Bell, for whom he wrote his Violin Concerto in 1993.
An active teacher, Maw had held positions at Trinity College, Cambridge, at Exeter University, at Yale School of Music, Bard College, New York, and was Professor of Composition at the Peabody Conservatory, Baltimore. Maw had been based in America for several years, where he died yesterday, May 19.
Nicholas Maw, composer
Born November 5, 1935; died May 19, 2009
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